The integration of new technologies into the Burundian economic and industrial fabric cannot be thought of as a simple acquisition of equipment. This is the central message conveyed by Rémy Marie Nkurunziza, a teacher-researcher at the University of Burundi. For this expert, purchasing innovative equipment from abroad is an insufficient step if it is not accompanied by a real and in-depth transfer of technical know-how. In an analysis of technological dynamics in Burundi, Mr. Nkurunziza emphasizes that the effectiveness of a technological tool is directly correlated to the ability of local actors to master it, maintain it, and adapt it to the realities on the ground. According to his point of view, importing technology without simultaneously importing the skills necessary for its long-term management amounts to creating a costly and fragile technological dependency. This observation highlights a major structural problem for the country's development, where technological acquisition is often prioritized to the detriment of investment in human capital. For the academic, innovation must not be seen as an imported finished product, but as a dynamic process requiring a solid increase in local expertise. He insists that the sustainability of technological projects in Burundi depends on the training of competent technicians capable of adopting new working methods. While the potential benefits of modernization are widely recognized, the conditions for its implementation remain, according to him, the real challenge to be met to ensure lasting technological sovereignty.