Mauritania is under the microscope of Washington. In its 2026 annual report on the investment climate, the U.S. State Department provides a mixed analysis of the country's economic and institutional situation. For international investors, this document constitutes a crucial reference for evaluating risks and opportunities in the Mauritanian market. On one hand, the report highlights a positive dynamic by welcoming the various legal and administrative reforms recently initiated by the government. These advances aim to simplify procedures and modernize the legislative framework to encourage private initiative. However, this note of optimism is counterbalanced by a series of persistent challenges that harm the business climate. American experts point out significant shortcomings in terms of governance. Among the critical points raised are corruption, which remains an obstacle to equity, as well as the slowness of judicial processes. For economic operators, these burdens constitute legal uncertainties that complicate the securing of long-term investments. This report is all the more important as it directly influences the perception of international partners and financial institutions. While Mauritania seems to want to follow a path of modernization, Washington's conclusions indicate that political will must now translate into concrete results to clean up the business environment. The effectiveness of the measures taken to fight corruption and accelerate judicial speed will be decisive in convincing foreign investors to establish themselves durably in the country.